Burner for various gases



June 25,1935. I O. M. OLSEN 5,80

BURNER FOR VARIOUS GASES Filed Aug. 17, 1931 Patented June 25, 1935UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE BURNER FOR VARIOUS eases Application August1'7, 1931, Serial No. 557,501

4 Claims. (Cl. 158-416) The present invention relates generally toburners for various gases which are usually mixed with air to produce acombustible mixture. More particularly the invention relates to thattype of burner which is adapted for burning gas of high calorific value,such as natural gas, propane, butane and othergases which, because oftheir rate of flame propagation, burn slowly. Due to the slow burningquality of these gases, it is extremely difficult to prevent the flamefrom leaving the burner which causes the flame to be extinguished andcauses back-firing. One object of the invention is to provide a burnerof this type which is generally an im-- provement upon and more.efficient in operation than previously designed burners of the samegeneral character and operates to burn slow burning gases of highcalorific value without likelihood of extinguishment of the flame.Another object of. the invention is to provide a burner of the typeunder consideration in which the nozzle for discharging the mixture ofgas and air has a central duct through which the combustible mixturefiows and a series of smaller transverse ducts leading from the axialduct into the combustion chamber to direct a series of smallstreamsagainst the wall of the combustion chamber at substantially rightangles to said wall to reduce the velocity of the mixture and to preventextinguishment of the flame and back firing.

Another object is to provide an improved simple and efiicientconstruction of burner for this purpose which can be readilymanufactured at a low cost. Other objects of the invention and thevarious advantages and characteristics of the present burnerconstruction will be apparent from a consideration of the followingdetailed description.

The invention consists in the several novel features hereinafter setforth and more particularly defined by claims at the conclusion hereof.In the drawing which accompanies and forms a part of this specificationor disclosure and in which like numerals of reference denotecorresponding parts throughout the severalviews: Fig. l is a sideelevation of the manifold equipped with a series of burners embodyingone form of the invention. Fig. 2 is a transverse section through one ofthe burners and the manifold. :Fig. 3 is a plan of the burner. Fig. 4 isa vertical section of a burner embodying another form of the invention.Fig. 5 is a vertical section of a third form of burner.

In Fig. 1 a series-of burners embodying the preferred form of theinvention are applied .to a manifold ID, to which air and gas aredelivered in any suitable manner. These burners may be connected to anyform of conduit or head, as Well understood in the art.

In the form of the invention illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the burnerconsists of a nozzle and a cup-shaped or outer. member. The nozzlecomprises a shank I I having a central axial duct l2 formed therein andan. integral head or enlarged portion 13 within the outermcmber. Thishead is provided with a series of radial ducts l2?- which leadtransversely from the central duct I2 to the sides of the head. Theouter or lower end of the shank has a screw-thread M to en- 15 gage athread in the manifold [0 for attaching the burner to the manifold. The'outer member is cup-shaped and comprises a bottom wall 15 and anintegral upstanding cylindrical wall H5. The. chamber in thecup-shapedmember constitutes a combustion chamber for gaseous fuel discharged fromthe nozzle. The shank H extends through a central hole. in the bottomwall IS. The head I3 of the nozzle seats on' said wall and serves toclamp the outer member against the manifold. To prevent separation ofthe nozzle and outer member during shipment, a tight or drive fit may beused between the shank H and bottom wall E5. The head l3 has polygonalsides, so that the radial ducts l2 can be drilled into the head from theoutside and so that a suitable wrenchmay be applied to they nozzle toscrew it into the manifold. The notzle is preferably made of polygonalstock, machined to form the shank and drilled to form the axial centralduct l2 and the transverse radial ducts IZ The nozzle and outer memberare formed of steel, brass alloy or any suitable -machinable heatresisting alloy.

The axial duct 12 terminates below the top of the nozzle. The outlets ofthe transverse ducts lZ terminate at the center of the fiat sideportions of the polygonal head so their terminals will be spaced fromthe inner face of the wall I6 of the combustion chamber. The aggregatecrosssectional area of the transverse holes I2 is considerably greaterthan the cross-sectional area of the duct 12 to reduce the velocity ofthe combustible mixture in the combustion chamber and assist inretaining the flame therein. The axes of the ducts l2 are substantiallyat right angles to the axis of the duct 12 to cause the streams from theduct !2 to be directed toward or against the inner face of thecylindrical wall It of the combustion chamber at substantially rightangles to said face. This further reduces the velocity of, or retardsthe mixture in, the outer member, and assists in retaining the flamewithin the burner and preventing its extinguishment. The mixture will atall times have suflicient velocity in the'axial duct I! in the shank toprevent backfiring. A small hole It is drilled through the top of thenozzle to the duct I! to form a small upwardly extending duct which willdeliver a small portion of the mixture into the combustion chamber andabove the nozzle. The escape of a small portion of the mixture upwardlythrough duct ll will reduce the velocity of the'streams through ductsl2, and assist in keeping the tongues of flame in the combustion chamberand adjacent the outer ends of ducts l2 and away from the wall "5, andwill also lessen the disturbance due to small eddy currents when theflow of mixture is low. The shank I I is extended through the wall of,and into, the manifold to subject the nozzle to the cooling efiect ofthe mixture in the manifold. This-results in cooling the nozzle when itis made of brass or metal of high heat conductivity.

In operation: The combustible mixture flows through the axial duct I2 tothe transverse ducts I2? where it is divided into a series of smallstreams of reduced velocity. These streams are directed .toward oragainst the wall l6 of the combustion chamber around the nozzle andsubstantially at right angles thereto further to 'reduce the velocity,and cause the flame to be confinedlto the combustion chamber. As aresult, the flame will be continuous, particularly when the mixturecontains slow burning gases of high calorific values, and all of the gaswill be consumed. The small stream of the mixture escaping through holeI2 will assist in keeping the tongues of flame adjacent the outer endsof ducts l2 and lessen the disturbance due to small eddy currents whenthe mixture supply is turned low. i

In Fig. 4, the invention is exemplified in a burner in which the nozzleis provided with an integral flange or base 20 having an annularshoulder 2| and a cylindrical section or ring 22 'is seated 'and'securedon said shoulder to form the combustion chamber around the nozzle. A

plurality of small ducts l2 are drilled in the top of the nozzle in thisform of the invention. In the exemplification of the invention shown inFi the cup-shaped outer member 25 is made of refractory material, and awasher 24 of asbestos or other suitable material is placed between themanifold" and the bottom wall of the outer member to permit theexpansion and .contraction of the refractory outer member. This preventsfracture of the outer member. The nozzle is of thesame construction asillustrated in Fig. 2, except that the hole (2 is omitted.

The invention exemplifies-a. burner which is eificient in producing thecombustion of slow,

' burning gases of high calorific value; which consists of a nozzle andouter member in which the velocity of the mixture is reduced bydirecting small streams transversely or at substantially right anglesagainst the outer wall of the combustion chamber to preventextinguishment of the flame; in which back firing is prevented; andwhich consists of a nozzle and outer member which can be readilymanufactured at a low cost.

The invention is not to be understood as restricted to the details setforth, since these may be modified within the scope of the appendedclaims, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Having thus described the invention, what I spect to the sidewall of thecup-shaped member,

and a shank of reduced diameter formed integrally with, and extendingdownwardly from the lower end of, the head and projecting into a hole inthe manifold, said nozzle having a central'bore of uniform diameterextending longitudinally through the shank and into the head to a pointbeneath the upper end .of said head and forming a vertical duct forreceiving fuel from the'manifold, and-also having a plurality oftransverse ducts extending radially from the upper end of the bore andoutwardly through the side portions of the head and serving to jetstreams of fuel outwardly against the side wall of the cup-shaped memberfor passage to the upper part of the combustion chamber, said transverseducts being of greater total cross sectional area than the vertical ductso that-the velocityof the fuel is reduced before jetting of the fuelagainst the side wall of the cup-shaped member.

2. A gaseous fuel burner of the character described comprising incombination a cup-shaped member overlying a fuel supplymanifold andconsisting ofa cylindrical side wall and a circular bottom wall formingwith the side wall a combustion chamber with an open top, and avertically extending nozzle embodying an enlarged head disposed in thelower part of the combustion chamber and spaced inwardly and centrallywith respect to the side wall of the cup-shaped member, and a shank ofreduced diameter formed integrally with and extending downwardly fromthe lower end of the head and provided with an external screw thread forconnection to an internally threaded hole in the manifold, said nozzlehaving a central bore of uniform diameter extending longitudinallythrough the shank and into the head to. a point beneath the upper end ofsaid head and forming a vertical duct for receiving fuel from themanifold, and also having a plurality of transverse ducts extendingradially from the upper end of the bore and outwardly through the sideportions of the head and serving to jet streams of fuel outwardlyagainst the side wall of the cup-shaped member for passage to the upperpart of thecombustion chamber, said transverse ducts being of greatertotal cross sectional area than chamber with an open top, and avertically extending nozzle embodying an enlarged head disposed in thelower part of the combustion chamber and spaced inwardly and centrallywith respect to the side wall of the cup-shaped member, and a shank ofreduced diameter formed integrally with, and extending downwardly fromthe lower end of the head and projecting into a hole in the manifold,said nozzle having a central bore of uniform diameter extending upwardlythrough the shank and into the head to a point beneath the upper end ofsaid head and forming a vertical duct for receiving fuel from themanifold, and also having a plurality of transverse ducts extendingradially from the upper end of the bore and through the side portions ofthe head for jetting the fuel outwardly against the side wall of thecup-shaped member for passage into the upper part of the combustionchamber and having a small vertical hole of materially less diameterthan the bore leading upwardly from the upper end of said bore throughthe upper end of the head for delivering a small por I tion of the fuelupwardly into the upper part of the combustion chamber, said transverseducts and the hole being of greater total cross sectional area than thebore so that the velocity of the fuel is reduced before entry of thefuel into the cup-shaped member.

4. A gaseous fuel burner of the character described comprising incombination a cup-shaped member overlying a fuel supply manifold andconsisting of a continuous side wall and a bottom wall having a hole inthe central part thereof and forming with the side wall a combustionchamber with an open top, and a vertically extending nozzle embodying anenlarged polygonal head disposed in the lower part of the combustionchamber and spaced inwardly and centrally with respect to the sidewallof the cup-shaped member, and an integral, depending shank ofreduced diameter extending through the hole in the bottom wall of thecup-shaped member and provided with an external screw thread forconnection to an internally threaded hole in the manifold, said nozzlehaving a central bore of uniform diameter extending longitudinallythrough the shank and into the head to a point beneath the upper end ofsaid head and forming a vertical duct for receiving fuel from themanifold, and also having a plurality of transverse ducts correspondingin number to the sides of the head and extending radially from the upperend of the bore and through the sides of the head respectively forjetting the fuel outwardly against the side wall of the cup-shapedmember for passage to the upper part of the combustion chamber.

OVE M. OLSEN.

